Modern testing confidence for complex ground and materials work.

Physical tests establish soil identity and engineering index properties for fine-grained and coarse-grained materials.

• Moisture and density determination
• Liquid and plastic limits for fine-grained soils
• Particle-size distribution by sieving and hydrometer
• Specific gravity and particle density for porosity and void ratio
• Filter media, bioswale, transition, and drainage-layer materials

Mechanical tests support assessment of total and effective stress, settlement, drainage, pavement performance, and dynamic response.

• Compaction and California Bearing Ratio for earthworks and pavements
• UU, CU, and CD triaxial compression, including stress-path applications
• Direct shear and residual shear strength for slope-stability work
• One-dimensional consolidation for settlement magnitude and rate
• Falling-head, triaxial-cell, and constant-head permeability
• Direct simple shear and cyclic simple shear for dynamic response studies

Chemical and electrochemical indicators help assess aggressiveness, durability, corrosion risk, cement interaction, and underground infrastructure design.

• pH, chloride, salinity, sulphate, organic matter, and carbonate
• Electrical soil resistivity for pipeline and earthing-system studies
• Thermal resistivity and conductivity for underground cable design

Laboratory rock testing complements field investigation by measuring intact material properties relevant to tunnelling, excavation, and rock-structure assessment.

• Point load, uniaxial compression, and Brazilian tensile strength
• Elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and triaxial-cell permeability
• Petrographic analysis, moisture, density, porosity, and saturation
• Slake durability, carbonate identification, and swelling behaviour
• Cerchar abrasiveness and hardness for equipment-wear assessment

Testing supports jet-grout piles, deep cement mix, cement grout, and bentonite-cement systems used in ground improvement and containment.

• Uniaxial compressive strength with stress-strain and elastic modulus
• Thermal conductivity for geothermal and cable applications
• Permeability for cut-off walls and instrument-installation boreholes

Concrete evaluation combines accredited cube and core testing with wider inspection techniques for existing structures and quality review.

• Concrete cube and core compression and density testing
• Rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity
• Rebar location, concrete-cover measurement, and half-cell potential
• Carbonation testing, thermography, and CCTV inspection